Machu Picchu: Everything You Need to Know Before You Go

Perched high in the Andes Mountains of Peru at 2,430 metres above sea level, Machu Picchu is one of the most remarkable archaeological sites on earth. Built by the Inca Empire in the 15th century and largely unknown to the outside world until 1911, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Getting There

There's no road that goes all the way to the citadel. The most common route is to fly into Cusco, spend a few days acclimatizing to the altitude (altitude sickness is real), then take a train to Aguas Calientes at the base of the mountain. From there, either take a bus up the winding mountain road (25 minutes) or hike on foot (90 minutes of steep steps). Book trains in advance — they sell out, especially during peak season.

The Classic Inca Trail

For the adventurous, the Inca Trail is a four-day, 43km hike through cloud forest and ancient ruins, culminating with an arrival through the Sun Gate at sunrise — arguably the most dramatic entrance to any archaeological site in the world. Permits are strictly limited and sell out months in advance. Shorter alternatives include the Salkantay Trek (5 days) and the Inca Trail short route (1 day via the Sun Gate).

Inside the Citadel

The scale and precision of Machu Picchu is astonishing. The Inca built the entire complex without mortar — massive stones fitted so precisely that a knife blade cannot be inserted between them, surviving centuries of earthquakes. Hire a licensed guide at the entrance to truly understand what you're seeing. Key areas: the Temple of the Sun, the Intihuatana stone, the Temple of the Three Windows, and the agricultural terraces cascading down the mountainside.

Altitude and Health

Spend at least two full days in Cusco before visiting Machu Picchu. Drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol on your first day, and consider altitude sickness medication. Coca tea, widely available in Peru, genuinely helps with symptoms.

Practical Tips

Book entry tickets online well in advance — daily visitor numbers are capped. Arrive at opening time (6am) for the best light and smallest crowds. Bring layers — the weather can change from hot sunshine to cold mist in minutes. Machu Picchu is one of those rare places that exceeds the hype. Standing among those ancient stones with mountains emerging from the mist will move you to tears.